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Thursday, January 2, 2014
Sunday, June 9, 2013
Bluetooth Technical Operations
English: Nokia Bluetooth headset BH-208 disassembled Polski: Rozebrana słuchawka Bluetooth Nokia BH-208 (Photo credit: Wikipedia)
Bluetooth is a high speed, low powered wireless link
technology that’s designed to connect phones or other
portable equipment together with little to no work
required by the user. Unlike infrared, Bluetooth
doesn’t require line of site positioning to work.
Current prototype circuits are contained on a board
that is 0.9 cm square, with a much smaller circuit
board being developed.
When one Bluetooth device comes in contact with
another, they will automatically exchange addresses
and details of capability. Then, they can establish
a 1 MB link with security that they will use as
required. The protocols involved with handle both
data and voice, with a very flexible topography.
The technology achieves its goal by embedding tiny,
non expensive short range tranceivers into the
devices available today. The radio operates on the
2.45 GHz frequency band, and supports up to 721
KBps, along with three voice channels.
Each devices offers a unique 48 bit address from
the IEEE 802 standard, with the connections being
point to point or multipoint. The max range is
10 meters, although it can be extended to 100
meters by increasing the power. The devices are
also protected from radio interference by changing
their frequencies, also known as frequency hopping.
What’s important, is the fact that Bluetooth
devices won’t drain battery life. The specification
targets power consumption of the device, limiting
the drain on the battery. The radio chip will
consume only 0.3mA in stand by mode, which is less
than 5% of the power that standard phones use.
Bluetooth will also guarantee security at the bit
level. The authentification is controlled by the
user via a 128 bit key. The radio signals can
be coded with anything up to 128 bit. With the
frequency hopping, Bluetooth is already very
hard to listen into.
The baseband protocol is a combination of both
circuit and packet switches. Slots can be reserved
for synchronous packets as well. Each packet
will be transmitted in a different hop frequency.
Normally, a packet covers a single slot although
it can be extended to cover up to five slots.
Bluetooth can also support data channels of up to
three simultaneous voice channels. Therefore,
it’s possible to transfer the data while you talk
at the same time. Each individual voice channel
will support 64 KB.
From a technical standpoint, Bluetooth is very
different indeed. It’s the best wireless method
in the world, surpassing even infrared. For
communication on the go, Bluetooth is indeed
very hard to compete with.
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Bluetooth Technical Operations
Friday, March 29, 2013
Test Post from Bubble Chip Makers
Test Post from Bubble Chip Makers http://www.superwebcollider.com/bubblechipmakers
Wednesday, January 9, 2013
How to Improve Product Development Productivity - Lessons From the Checklist Manifesto
The recently published book "The Checklist Manifesto" holds important lessons for how semiconductor and embedded systems design teams can improve their product-development productivity.
"The complexity of what we have to deliver on exceeds our abilities as experts partly because the volume of knowledge has exceeded what training can possible provide an expert."
That's how Atul Gawande, author of "The Checklist Manifesto," sets up the problem during a podcast interview with Harvard IdeaCast. Gawande is a surgeon and a staff writer for The New Yorker magazine who looks at our ability to be productive in complex situations. His interest, of course, is improving surgical outcomes.
There are, he says, 6,000 drugs and 4,000 medical procedures and increasingly specialized doctors and nurses. We've all read stories where surgical implements get left behind in the patient's body.
I was fascinated by how relevant this is to semiconductor and embedded design. Teams of varying sizes are pulled together on a regular basis-digital specialists, memory specialists, analog designers, software engineers. They're asked to build increasingly complex systems, with tighter market opportunities, and, like surgery, they find it nearly impossible to plan for the unexpected.
Process, not check marks
Gawande's checklist approach isn't about ticking off boxes per se. In the operating room, Gawande devised a two-minute checklist that builds in pauses during surgery to make sure that tasks have been accomplished, that blood is still on hand, and so forth. Perhaps most astonishingly, before the first incision is made, the team takes time to introduce each other by name, so everyone knows everyone else and their expertise and the goal of the operation.
He cites a study done by Geoffrey Smart, who studied decision making among venture capitalists. He compared outcomes of those VCs who, in choosing a entrepreneur, went with their gut (the "art critics") and those who employed a checklist approach in their selection process (the "airline captains").
Those who used the checklist approach had far fewer regrets about their selection of managers, and their investments had higher returns.
But the vast majority of VCs are "art critics," relying on their instincts and experience, rather than the more successful approach.
In system design, many managers rely on their instincts at the beginning of product development to assess how much staff they'll need and how long the project will take. Clearly something's wrong because more than 80 percent of semiconductor projects slip schedule.
Learning from the past
It doesn't have to be this way. Gawande points out that some in the investment banking community rigorously study past investments to understand where failed investments went awry. Sometimes that education leads to adding a check for their next investment checklist: "read all foot notes in the prospectus," for example.
Successful system-design teams, whether in name or spirit, use similar approaches, and they start with benchmarking themselves against the industry or their own past efforts to understand how to approach their latest product development.
As Gawande implies, it's often the simplest approaches-and, I'd add, approaches based on facts rather than instinct-that work most effectively.
Ron Collett, President/CEO of Numetrics Management Systems, http://www.numetrics.com, has spent more than 25 years in the electronics industry, where he has held positions in executive management, engineering, marketing and sales.
Mr. Collett is recognized as the first to identify and call the industry's attention to the now well-known "design productivity gap." He has published more than 100 articles on the design of integrated circuits (ICs) and electronic systems in publications including Electronic Engineering Times, Fabless Forum, Electronic System Design, Nikkei Asia Electronics, Nikkei Electronics and Nikkei Micro Devices.
New Solar Energy Facts - Fused Quartz Semiconductor Technology
Much of the success of new solar energy sources (better described as sustainable energy sources) depends on the achievement of improved solar panel efficiencies. One of the primary materials that delivers superior efficiency to the solar power industry of today is fused quartz.
For years quartz has been used in important aspects of photovoltaic cell manufacturing. Fused quartz has also been valuable when it is included in panels used to provide energy for furnaces, light sources, appliances, and more. Because of its ability to transmit light and its stability, chemical purity, and heat resistance, quartz has for years been vital to the production of semiconductors for the electronics industry.
In the solar energy panels of today, photovoltaic materials and devices are of course key components. The thin solar panel film made up of photovoltaic cells often uses a cadmium telluride crystalline compound to form a semiconductor layer that more effectively converts sunlight to electricity. The important point here is that the cadmium telluride material is processed in fused quarts.
Interestingly enough, those early solar energy panels that use silicon wafer diode technology were also dependent on the use of various quartz products.
Much like the transformation of the computer industry by the development of the silicon chip, fused quartz crucibles or tubes are sky rocketing the solar energy industry into the future. These quartz crucibles are thinly sliced and placed onto the solar panel in a highly dense pattern affording maximum energy generation from a very small surface area. It stands to reason that the tighter the fit, the more dense the quartz, and the more efficient the panel.
The use of fused quartz in the production of solar panels will prove to be a vital part in the affordability of solar energy in the future.
Solar electricity systems use indirect and direct methods of harnessing the energy of the sun. For more solar power information, energy savings guidelines, and products that can reduce your dependency on your power company, go to http://www.newsolarenergyfacts.com/articles.
What is Required of You With Electrical Courses
Electrical course is acquired by an individual to improve the skills in the field of electricity. Electrical courses helps in imbibing the knowledge of setting up electricity at a point or repairing a faulty point. Further knowledge in the field can even help in the betterment of electrical technology.
Electrical courses can be attained as a practical electrical course or by achieving the degree of Electrical Engineering. The degree in electrical engineering can be for graduation and also for post-graduation. The more planned and managed work done in electrical technology is fulfilled by the electrical engineers. The on-field setting up, repair and maintenance work is usually done by people who have taken up the practical electrical courses.
This is offered by smaller institutes that impart the basics of electricity. The method of electricity conversion, its uses and method of operation is practically taught. Special knowledge is given in health and safety hazards, their prevention and repair. This gives the individual a preliminary idea of the technology. The practical work done improves the skills required.
New Career Skills is a UK based online course training institute. They provide a theoretical knowledge initially and then provide practical tips for apprentices.
Electrical Training Institute is based in Southern California. This gives a complete electrical course for students.
Electrical Engineering
Electrical Engineering helps individual in knowing the history of electricity and the latest technology. Practical knowledge and ways of improvement in technology is given to the students. This makes the electrical engineers the chief project managers of most of the electrical project.
Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineering (www.ieee.org) An American based institute which has its branches stretching to over 160 countries. It is the largest organization providing the course. This is a non-profit organization.
Indian Institute of Technology (Mumbai, Kanpur, Chennai, New Delhi), the premier Indian technology institute offers the Electrical Engineering course for a span of four years. The courses offered by this institute is declared world wide as one of the most precise and advanced one.
University of Birmingham (UK), the university has the largest engineering faculty in UK. The School of Electrical and Electronics Engineering provides the courses in electrical technology.
The subjects offered in the courses are
Physics, Chemistry, Mathematics, Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Network and Systems, Electronic devices and circuits, electrical machines, control systems, digital systems, electromagnetic theory, power systems, communication systems, microprocessor systems, VLSI technology, instrumentation, electric devices, neural network and fuzzy system, advanced control, utilization of electrical energy and electric traction, advanced semiconductor devices, solid control and electric devices, digital signal processing, micro controllers and their applications, switch mode and resonant converters, mechatronics and artificial intelligence.
All these courses constitute for the electrical engineering course.
James Copper is a writer for http://www.electricianscareer.co.uk where you can find out about electrical courses
A Semiconductor Technician's Job Description - What's in it For You?
One of the careers that are not greatly affected by the financial recession is one in the field of Information Technology. While most enterprises would downsize their workforce they still heavily rely on computers to continue their operations. This makes employment opportunities in the technology sector still great in demand.
Since businesses operate with computers, they would still need to maintain their equipment with highly skilled and trained people. Maintaining computers do not only mean the constant upgrade and monitoring that their programs and systems work faultlessly. Even upkeep of the parts of the computer is given priority. The computer is run by bits and pieces of metal which serve as storage devices for data. These are called computer chips. And Semiconductor technicians are the people responsible in the production of semiconductors which are made into these precious chips.
The basic Semiconductors Technicians Job Description is to manufacture semiconductors. They are also known as production workers and also referred to as integrated circuit technicians. Their job is very complicated and difficult. They are involved in the production of semiconductor wafers and disks. These are cut into various sizes of chips. This is a very technical job which doesn't necessarily require a college degree. The educational attainment required would just be a high school diploma from a community school or a certificate course from a technical school. Some employers might require a two year training experience for specialized programs.
Many corporations and companies offer apprenticeship and on the job training for people who would want to become Semiconductor technicians. Several electronic and math classes is what most people take to become Semiconductor technicians. To get ahead with this kind of career, you will have to study further to secure your tenure with the company with you are working for and enable yourself to grow as a Semiconductor Technician.
Need information about job descriptions for semiconductor technicians, visit BestJobDescriptions.com.
The Specifics of a Semiconductor Technician's Job Description
What are semiconductors? Tiny electronic systems more commonly known as computer chips, microchips and integrated circuits are also referred to as semiconductors. Most of these items can be found in cell phones, video games, computers, appliances and other products.
What is a Semiconductor Technicians Job Description? These highly skilled people are responsible for the manufacture of semiconductor wafers or disks which are cut into computer chips. One piece of semiconductor wafer is cut into several pieces of chips to form a circuitry.
To conduct electricity into the microscopic wafers they are etched with patterns with the use of acids and metal fillers. The Semiconductor Technician will give another chemical bath on the wafer then apply a new layer of microscopic circuitry. Up to 20 layers of circuitry is used to complete the process of the production of a semiconductor in order for it to function correctly. If done incorrectly, the chips can be ruined by airborne matter. The entire production is done in "cleanrooms".
Semiconductor Technicians wear special lightweight garments over their clothes to ensure that there won't be any contamination in the process of production. The Semiconductor Technician is familiar with the issues of not wearing the proper attire upon entering the "cleanroom". His knowledge and training is the greatest asset he can contribute to your business.
Though this is a very technical job a college degree is not required for this position. A high school diploma from a community college or a certificate course from a technical school will suffice. A lot of companies and corporations offer apprenticeships and further training in the field of Semiconductor Technology. The basic educational background you will need to be successful in this career is to take up a lot of math and electronic classes. To get ahead in your position, be willing to further your studies and take up a lot of additional classes and training as a Semiconductor technician.
Need information about job descriptions for semiconductor technicians, visit BestJobDescriptions.com.
Wednesday, August 8, 2012
What Happens When Super Computers Answer All Mankind's Questions?
At some point the super computer artificial intelligence systems we build will be able to answer all of mankind's questions. Now then, I have one more question to ask; what happens when theses systems answer all of our questions? And exactly what day and at what hour will that occur? Are you beginning to see what I'm getting at?
Right now our super computers cannot predict the weather, or the exact point at which a hurricane will make landfall based on the current circumstances, conditions, wind speed, atmosphere, ocean surface temperatures, and barometric pressure. But someday they will, as we are approaching super computer speeds in the exoFlop range. The ability to do that many calculations per second, and there is no reason why it would stop there, will actually allow a super computer to figure out the minute changes in weather caused by a butterfly flapping his wings; The Butterfly Effect, if you will.
But if a super computer can answer all the questions of mankind, then will humans stop asking questions? And when a human asks a question that has already been answered, the super computer will merely re-provide that identical answer again. Maybe the super computers and artificial intelligence systems will then become aware, and get tired of answering the same question over and over again, allowing the individual to surf the database without them.
Who might get more perturbed the super computer or the humans at the point at which all the questions have been asked, and also answered? An all-knowing computer that could calculate probability by percentages to such a reliable degree would be invaluable, but that would also affect the human psyche because nothing is left up to chance. Or it would make chance such a novelty, and such a scarce and precious commodity, that humans might change their behavior merely in an effort to dodge fate.
Of course that too could be calculated by the level of animosity of the individual human to go and do something out of the ordinary by chance, merely to prove the super computer wrong. Are you beginning to see the psychological and philosophical conundrum in all of this? In fact at that point everything would change in human society and civilization.
The super computers would be treated as if they were gods, but hated and despised when humans learn that freedom and freedom of thought is nothing more than an illusion, or is it? Indeed, I guess the super computers will tell us the answer that too someday. And until that day, I ask that you to please consider all this and think on it. You may shoot me an e-mail with your answer.
Lance Winslow is a retired Founder of a Nationwide Franchise Chain, and now runs the Online Think Tank. Lance Winslow believes writing 23,777 articles by 7 PM on June 27, 2011 is going to be difficult because all the letters on his keyboard are now worn off now..
Tuesday, May 29, 2012
Try Being Superconductive
I was talking to a friend recently and she was describing how busy she was, and all the things she had coming up in her week. She was at capacity. As she rattled off the list of things she had to do, I started to get curious. She had important phone calls to make, errands to attend to, and a significant meeting. But all of the things she described to me amounted to about 4-6 hours worth of activity. And she had a whole week to get these things done.
Our conversation helped me realise how in my own life a few hours work can feel like a whole lot more. And how overwhelming this can be. Having reflected on this, I've come to the realisation that time is only one of the resources we use as we get things done. We contribute emotional and intellectual energy too.
For example, I experience this when I fly internationally to speak and attend live events. My speaking engagement may only be one hour long. I can fly in from Ireland the night before, and leave the same evening that the event takes place, so it only amounts to one night away from home. Time wise the cost is minimal. Yet emotionally and intellectually the cost is far greater. A short trip can feel like a major upheaval in my week. It's only one hour of work, yet it can feel like two or three days.
In other words, we might tell ourselves that we are 'too busy' to do something, when a more accurate statement might be: 'I don't have the intellectual energy for that right now' or 'That tasks requires more emotional energy than I have available'. This also means that all the time management in the world won't matter a jot if the resistance is emotional or intellectual.
Resistance stops the flow of energy. Resistance is the cause of stress. Resistance is like trying to drive with the brakes on. When you stop the flow of energy, you stop action - or you require tremendous amounts of energy to enable action.
You can push the gas pedal harder and harder, but as long as the brake is on it is difficult to move. And if you do move - and even if you make it to your goal - you have put great strain and stress on your engine. This often results in physical and mental breakdown.
Preparing for this newsletter is one of my favourite activities of the week. In this area, I am relatively resistance free (although I've also got plenty of areas where I'm not resistance free!) It typically takes me about 20 minutes to complete. (When I first started out it took me about an hour - but I have assistants helping me out now:-). Even though the newsletter only takes about an hour to prepare, I've heard lots of people say that they couldn't possibly commit to writing a newsletter because they haven't got time.
I now realise that it's got nothing to do with time. Maybe they have limiting beliefs about their writing ability, or they doubt their ability to commit their thoughts to paper week after week, or maybe they are nervous about being 'out there'. Week after week they would have to push the gas pedal harder and crank themselves up to overcome this emotional resistance, just to complete a one hour activity. The one hour activity would probably take 6 hours. 5 hours building themselves up to it, and one to actually write. And that would put strain and stress on their 'engine'. Sure they might have a newsletter, but at what cost? Me bleating on about the fact that it only takes an hour doesn't help them at all. We need to uncover the emotional cost and address that.
Have you ever been baffled by a colleague who kept telling you they were 'too busy' to complete what looked to you to be a highly simple task? Have you ever been frustrated by a client who was stalling for no apparent reason? Have you ever beaten yourself up for failing to get started on a project, or complete one?
In each of these scenarios, the obstacle was never time - or lack of it. Which is why attempting to coerce, coax or cajole your colleague, your client or yourself into any of these activities just won't work long term. The next time you hear someone (including yourself) say, 'I haven't got time', try to appreciate that what is really being said is 'I don't have the intellectual energy for that right now' or 'That tasks requires more emotional energy than I have available'. That awareness will elicit a more compassionate response to yourself or the other person.
Superconductivity is a great metaphor when we come to consider resistance. Superconductivity is a scientific description for when an electrical current travels with the minimal amount of its power lost to energy-robbing resistance.
My personal experience, and that of my clients, has taught me that there are two sides to becoming a Client Magnet. The first part is about recognising, reclaiming and honouring our natural magnetism and having the courage to let it shine. The other side of this is identifying and eliminating those places where we are resisting success, ease, and abundance. In other words, we need to become super-conductors. Free of resistance, it is possible to attract great things with ease and effortlessness.
One way to do this is to increase our capacity for intellectual and emotional stress. Time and energy invested raising these thresholds may yield far greater returns than the energy currently being expended to push past them.
So how do we 'raise our thresholds'? Well here's a start....
Something for you to think about this week:
• You know that stuff that you're beating yourself up for not starting or not finishing? Trust yourself. Somewhere inside you knew that forcing yourself would put a strain on your engine greater than you could bear. You aren't lazy or procrastinating, and this is NOT 'self-sabotage!'
• Identify areas in your life where you are most 'resistance-free'. What do you love to do? What do you find easy to do?
• What are the main differences between the situations where you experience resistance, and those where you are 'resistance-free'?
• Explore some of the different technologies which help you release resistance.
Bernadette Doyle is a marketing specialist who helps entrepreneurs become client magnets and attract a steady stream of their ideal clients. She publishes a free, weekly newsletter for trainers, speakers, coaches, consultants, complementary therapists and solo professionals. If you'd like to receive invaluable tips and advice on how to attract clients with ease, register at http://www.clientmagnets.com
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